N3 Mastery 0%

JLPT N3 Grammar Guide

118 grammar points across 14 chapters, aligned to the official JLPT N3 level and roughly matching the scope of Tobira, a widely used intermediate Japanese textbook. Each point has two example sentences you rebuild word by word instead of just reading.

Chapter 1

Reasons, Causes, and Results

~おかげで

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thanks to... (positive reason)

~せいで

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because of... (negative reason)

~からこそ

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precisely because...

~によって① (Cause)

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due to... / because of...

~(んだ)もの/もん

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because... (informal, often for excuses)

~わけだ

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no wonder... / that's why... / it makes sense that...

つまり

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in other words / that is to say

~ということだ① (Result)

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that means... / in other words...

Chapter 2

Advice, Obligation, and Prohibition

~べきだ

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should / ought to (strong sense of duty)

~ように

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so that... / in such a way that... (used as a soft command)

~こと

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you must... (used for rules or strong commands)

~ことだ

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you should... (used for giving advice)

~ことはない

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there is no need to...

~ないと/なきゃ/なくちゃ

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must... / have to... (colloquial)

~わけにはいかない

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can't... (due to social/moral obligation or circumstances)

~しかない

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have no choice but to... / only...

Chapter 3

Time, Sequences, and Change

~から〜にかけて

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from... through... (a range in time or space)

~を通して/通じて② (Period)

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throughout... / all... (an entire period)

~出す

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to suddenly start... / to begin...

~と、〜た/~たら、〜た

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when... (unexpected discovery)

~うちに① (Change)

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while... (something changed)

~うちに② (Opportunity)

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while... (before a change happens)

~てからでないと/~てからでなければ

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not until... / unless...

~てはじめて

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only after... / not until...

~ところだった

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I almost... / was about to...

~たとたん

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the moment... / right after...

~とともに

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as... / together with... (simultaneous change)

~ついでに

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while... / taking the opportunity to...

~始める

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to start... / to begin...

~終わる

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to finish...

~最中に

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in the middle of... (usually with an interruption)

~たびに

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every time... / each time...

~にしたがって

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as... / in accordance with... (gradual change)

~ていく/〜てくる

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change over time (away from / towards the present)

~続ける

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to continue...

Chapter 4

Hypotheticals, Conditionals, and Regret

~たって

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even if... (colloquial)

~としたら/~とすれば

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if... / assuming...

~ば~のに

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if only... then... (expresses regret or complaint)

もし〜たなら

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if... (past hypothetical)

たとえ〜ても

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even if...

どんなに〜ても/いくら〜ても

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no matter how much... / however...

~ばよかった

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I should have... (expresses regret)

Chapter 5

Appearance, Tendencies, and Hearsay

~がち

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tend to... / prone to... (negative tendency)

〜っぽい

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-ish / seems... (appearance or characteristic)

~気味

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a little... / -ish (slight feeling or tendency)

~ふりをする

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to pretend to...

~みたい

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seems... / looks like... (colloquial)

(まるで)~ようだ

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as if... / just like... (simile)

~によれば/~によると

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according to...

~らしい

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-like / typical / seems (hearsay or appearance)

~んだって

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I heard that... (colloquial hearsay)

~ということだ② (Hearsay)

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I heard... / it is said...

~かなあ

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I wonder...

もしかすると/もしかしたら〜かもしれない

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it might... / perhaps... / maybe...

~に違いない

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it must be... / I'm sure that...

Chapter 6

Intentions, Efforts, and Feelings

~つもりだった

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I intended to... / I thought I... (but didn't)

~ようとする

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to try to... / to be about to...

~ようとしない

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to not make an effort to... / to not try to...

~がる

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to show signs of... (third person feeling)

~ずにはいられない

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can't help but... / can't refrain from...

〜てしょうがない/〜てしかたがない

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can't help... / extremely... (uncontrollable feeling)

Chapter 7

Contrast, Comparison, and Concession

~くせに

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even though... / despite... (expresses criticism or complaint)

~わけではない

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it's not that... / not necessarily...

~ことは〜が

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it's true that... but... (concession)

~とは限らない

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not necessarily... / not always...

~というより

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rather than... / more like...

~にしては

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for... / considering... (unexpected)

~に対して② (Contrast)

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in contrast to... / while...

~に比べて

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compared to...

~ほど…は…ない/~くらい…は…ない

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...is not as... as... / (no one) is as... as...

~わりに(は)

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for... / considering... (unexpected)

~といっても

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although I say... / even though...

~ないことはない

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it's not that... (double negative)

Chapter 8

Emphasis, Limitation, and Addition

~ばかり

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only... / nothing but...

~ばかりか/~ばかりでなく

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not only... but also...

~はもちろん〜も

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...of course, but also...

~こそ

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the very... (for emphasis)

~(で)さえ

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even... (as an extreme example)

~なんか/〜なんて

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...like (expresses surprise, disgust, or de-emphasis)

~まで

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even... (to such an extent...)

~じゃない

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...isn't it? (rhetorical, seeking agreement)

~ば〜ほど

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the more... the more...

Chapter 9

Methods, Scope, and Relation

~によって② (Method)

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by... / by means of...

~を通して/通じて① (Method)

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through... / via...

~を中心に

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centered around... / focusing on...

~として

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as... / in the capacity of...

~にとって

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for... / to... (from someone's perspective)

~に対して① (Target)

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towards... / to... (target of an action or feeling)

~向け

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for... / aimed at... / targeted at...

~について

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about... / concerning...

~とおり(に)

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according to... / as... / in the way that...

~によって③ (Variety)

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depending on...

~に関して/関する

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regarding... / concerning... (more formal than について)

~において

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in... / at... (formal version of で)

Chapter 10

Definitions and Topics

~というと/~といえば/~といったら

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speaking of...

~という

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called... / named...

~というのは

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...means / the meaning of... is

Chapter 11

Wishes and Desires

~てほしい/~てもらいたい

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I want (someone) to...

~と/たら/ば、いい(なあ)

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I wish... / I hope...

~ますように/~ませんように

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I pray... / I hope... (for something beyond one's control)

Chapter 12

Actions in Progress or State

〜っぱなし

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to leave... (in a state of neglect)

~まま

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in the state of... / with... on

~だらけ

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covered in... / full of... (negative)

~かけ

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in the middle of... / half-done...

~たて

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freshly... / just done...

~たところ

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when... / just... (result of an action)

~ことがある/~こともある

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sometimes... / there are times when...

~たものだ

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used to... (recalling the past)

Chapter 13

Compound Verbs and Suffixes

~上げる/~上がる

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to finish up / to be completed

~切る/~切れる

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to do completely / to manage to do

~( )きり

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only... / just...

~くらい,ぐらい/〜ほど

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to the extent that... / so... that...

Chapter 14

Casual, Colloquial, and Alternative Forms

縮約形 (Contraction)

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contractions (e.g., ~とく, ~ちゃう)

〜っけ

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...again? (colloquial, recalling information)

~ずに

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without... (alternative to ないで)

まったく/めったに/決して/少しも〜ない

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Adverbs used with negative form (not at all / rarely / never / not a bit)

~かわりに

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instead of... / in exchange for...

~にかわって/〜にかわり

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instead of... / in place of... (formal)

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