N4 Mastery 0%

JLPT N4 Grammar Guide

97 grammar points across 18 chapters, aligned to the official JLPT N4 level and sequenced to roughly match Genki, a widely used beginner-to-elementary Japanese textbook. Each point has two example sentences you rebuild word by word instead of just reading.

Chapter 1

Expressing Multiple Reasons

~し~し

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expressing multiple reasons or repeating similar things

~て/で

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a cause or reason

~んです

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explanation, reason

それで

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therefore / that's why

~ので

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because..., ...so

Chapter 2

Giving and Receiving Actions

~てあげる

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doing something for someone else

~てくれる

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something is done by someone for me or my family

~てもらう

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something is done by someone for me or my family

~てくれませんか/~てくださいませんか/~ていただけませんか

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Could you...?

あげます/くれます/もらいます

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receiving and giving

Chapter 3

Verb Forms

可能形

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Verb Potential-form

命令形

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Verb Imperative-form

禁止形

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Verb Prohibitive-form

仮定形

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Verb Conditional-form

意向形

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Verb Volitional-form

受身形

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Verb Passive-form

使役形

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Verb Causative-form

使役受身形

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Verb Causative passive-form

Chapter 4

Perception & Transitive

見える/聞こえる

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be audible / be visible

自動詞/他動詞

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Intransitive / Transitive Verb

~てある

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the state after having done something with a particular purpose

~てしまう

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emphasis, regret

[Intransitive Verb]ている

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the circumstance of remaining effects

Chapter 5

Reporting Speech

~と言う

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(someone) say…

~ところ

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just about / on the verge of doing something

まだ~ている

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still…

~ばかり

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just finished, something just occurred

こ/そ/あ

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to refer to things not visible to the speaker or the hearer

~という意味

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it means…

Chapter 6

Sequential Actions

~ないで

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without V-ing

~やすい/~にくい

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easy to... / hard to...

~あとで

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after, later

~てから VS ~あとで

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てから (continuing action) vs あとで (completed action)

~までに

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before..., by... (time limit)

~ながら

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while V-ing

Chapter 7

Degree & Limitation

ほうがいい

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you should…

~なくてもいい

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need not do..., don't have to...

~すぎる

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too much

[Noun]しか~ない

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only [Noun] and no other…

[Quantifier]で

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showing a limit

[Noun]で

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[Noun] express many different meanings

Chapter 8

Listing & Emphasis

~とか

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...or (colloquial)

[Noun]でも

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...or something

[Particle]+は/も

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emphasis or comparison

[Verb]+の+[Particle]

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の as a nominaliser

Chapter 9

Conditional Forms

~と

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if..., then

~ば

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if... (hypothetical condition)

~たら

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if, when, after, once

~なら

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if (giving information)

~のに

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even though…

~ても

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even if…

~場合は

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in the event of, in the case that...

Chapter 10

Appearance & Hearsay

~ようだ/みたいだ

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it seems that…

~そうだ(様態)

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looks like..., going to… (describing things)

~そうだ(伝聞)

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they say that… (hearsay)

~でしょう

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it will probably…

~と思う

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I think…

~かもしれない

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may…

~はず

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be supposed to be the case

Chapter 11

Commands & Obligations

~なさい

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do... (command)

~なければならない

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must, have to…

Conversations in 命令形/禁止形

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Using imperative and prohibitive forms

Chapter 12

Intentions & Plans

[V意向形]と思う

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I think I'll [Verb Volitional-form]

予定

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schedule

~つもり

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intent / plan to…

~てみる

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try to do

~ておく

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making preparations in advance

Chapter 13

Purpose & Change

~ように

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so that, in order to

~ために

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for..., in order to…

~(の)に

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for...

~ようになる

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to reach the point that / to come to be that / to turn into

~になる/ことになる

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has been decided

~がする

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can hear, see, smell

~ようにする

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making a conscious effort to do something

~(に)する/ことにする

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turn / make to do, decide to do

~から/でつくります

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made from / of

~てくる

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get..., come to...

Chapter 14

Embedded Questions

[Question word]~か

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...what/when/where/who/how...

~かどうか

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whether it's... or not

Chapter 15

Adjective Transformations

[Adjective]+さ

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an Adjective to turn it into a Noun

[Adjective]+[Verb]

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Adverbial form of adjectives

Chapter 16

Honorific Expressions

敬語

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honorific expressions

尊敬語

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Respectful expressions

謙譲語

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Humble expressions

~てさしあげる/~てくださる/~ていただく

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Receiving, Giving honorific

[使役形]ていただけませんか

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Would you please let me do...?

Chapter 17

Additional Expressions

もう/まだ

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already / not yet

~ませんか

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inviting someone - Won't you...

~も

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also/too

[Period]に[Frequency]

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frequency: 'X times per Y'

~の

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used in place of a noun, one's

[Noun]で

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[Noun] = (by) tool / (at) place of action / (in) range

[Verb]こと/の

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nominalization: turns a verb phrase into a noun

Conversations in Plain style

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using plain forms in casual conversation

Chapter 18

Advanced Particles

~ね

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...isn't it?/right? (seeking agreement)

~よ

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informing the listener of something, or for emphasis

~でしょう?

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...right? (confirming information, less formal)

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