N4 Giving and Receiving Actions
あげます/くれます/もらいます: meaning, usage and examples
あげます/くれます/もらいます means: receiving and giving.
How to form it
<Giver> + は/が + <Receiver> + に + <Thing> + を + あげます / くれます ・ <Receiver> + は/が + <Giver> + に/から + <Thing> + を + もらいます
Examples
私は友達にプレゼントをあげました。
I gave my friend a present.
父が私に時計をくれました。
My father gave me a watch.
木村さんにチョコレートをもらいました。
I got some chocolate from Mr. Kimura.
祖母が妹にお菓子をくれました。
My grandmother gave my little sister some sweets.
When to use it
Japanese has three verbs for giving and receiving objects, and the choice depends on direction. あげます: the giver gives to someone else, moving away from the speaker. くれます: someone gives to the speaker or the speaker's group. もらいます: the receiver gets something from someone. 私は木村さんに花をあげました, 木村さんが私に花をくれました, 私は木村さんに花をもらいました.
Nuance
くれます is only used when the receiver is the speaker or someone close to the speaker, such as family. You cannot say 友達が田中さんにくれました about two outsiders; use あげました. With superiors, the polite forms are さしあげます, くださいます and いただきます.
Compare
あげます vs くれます is the classic confusion. Both have the giver as the subject, but あげます moves away from me (私は妹に本をあげた) and くれます comes toward me (妹が私に本をくれた). もらいます describes the same event as くれます with the receiver as subject: 私は妹に本をもらった.
Tip: Ask "Is it coming toward me?" If yes, use くれます. Never say 私にあげました; that is always 私にくれました.
More in Giving and Receiving Actions
- ~てあげる: doing something for someone else
- ~てくれる: something is done by someone for me or my family
- ~てもらう: to have someone do something for you; to receive a favor (the receiver is the subject)
- ~てくれませんか/~てくださいませんか/~ていただけませんか: Could you...?
Frequently asked questions
What does あげます/くれます/もらいます mean?
Receiving and giving. Example: 私は友達にプレゼントをあげました。 (I gave my friend a present.)
How do you form あげます/くれます/もらいます?
<Giver> + は/が + <Receiver> + に + <Thing> + を + あげます / くれます ・ <Receiver> + は/が + <Giver> + に/から + <Thing> + を + もらいます. Ask "Is it coming toward me?" If yes, use くれます. Never say 私にあげました; that is always 私にくれました.