N3 Compound Verbs and Suffixes
~(っ)きり: meaning, usage and examples
~(っ)きり means: only / just; since doing... (and nothing after).
How to form it
<Noun / Number> + (っ)きり / <Verb た-form> + きり
Examples
二人っきりで会いたいです。
I'd like to meet with you alone (just the two of us).
彼とは一度会ったきりで、その後連絡がない。
I met him just once, and I haven't heard from him since.
弟は部屋に入ったきり、出てきません。
My younger brother went into his room and hasn't come out since.
この映画を見たのは、子どものとき一度きりです。
I've only seen this movie once, when I was a child.
When to use it
きり has two main uses. After a noun or number it means "only" or "just": 二人きり (just the two of us), 一度きり (only once). After a past-tense verb it means something happened and then nothing followed: 出かけたきり帰ってこない (went out and never came back). The second use usually ends with a negative.
Nuance
っきり is the more emphatic, casual version heard in speech; きり is neutral and also used in writing. The た-form use often sounds worried or disappointed, because the expected next step never happened. In casual speech, それっきり means "and nothing since then."
Compare
きり vs だけ: both mean "only", but だけ is general (水だけ飲んだ), while きり marks a limit with nothing more after it (一度きり). ~たきり vs ~たまま: たまま is a state that continues (窓を開けたまま寝た = slept with the window open). たきり stresses that nothing happened after (出かけたきり連絡がない).
Tip: When you see a た-form + きり, expect a negative at the end: 会ったきり、会っていない. The next step that never came is the point of the sentence.
More in Compound Verbs and Suffixes
- ~上げる/~上がる: to finish up / to be completed
- ~切る/~切れる: to do completely / to manage to do
- ~くらい,ぐらい/〜ほど: to the extent that... / so... that...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~(っ)きり mean?
Only / just; since doing... (and nothing after). Example: 二人っきりで会いたいです。 (I'd like to meet with you alone (just the two of us).)
How do you form ~(っ)きり?
<Noun / Number> + (っ)きり / <Verb た-form> + きり. When you see a た-form + きり, expect a negative at the end: 会ったきり、会っていない. The next step that never came is the point of the sentence.