N3 Appearance, Tendencies, and Hearsay
~によれば/~によると: meaning, usage and examples
~によれば/~によると means: according to...
How to form it
<Noun (source)> + によれば / によると, <Plain form> + そうだ / らしい / ということだ
Examples
姉によれば、駅前の店のケーキはとてもおいしいらしい。
According to my older sister, the cakes at the shop by the station are really good.
天気予報によると、明日は晴れるそうです。
According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.
新聞によると、来月から電気代が上がるそうです。
According to the newspaper, electricity bills are going up starting next month.
先生の話によれば、テストは来週の金曜日だそうです。
According to our teacher, the test is next Friday.
When to use it
によると and によれば name the source of information: a person, the news, a report, the weather forecast. They mean "according to". The end of the sentence normally shows that the information is secondhand, with そうだ, らしい, ということだ or と言っていた: 天気予報によると、明日は雨だそうです.
Nuance
Neutral to formal; very common in news, reports and polite conversation. によれば sounds slightly more formal. The source should be a source of information, not your own opinion; 私によると is wrong. Ending the sentence with a plain statement (明日は雨です) sounds incomplete.
Compare
によると gives the source; そうだ marks the hearsay at the end, and the two usually appear together. によって means "by" or "depending on": 人によって違う (it differs from person to person). にとって means "for" or "from the point of view of": 私にとって大切だ. Use によると only for reported information.
Tip: Pair the start with the end: によると ... そうです. Forgetting そうだ or らしい at the end is the most common mistake.
More on this in Japanese conditionals: tara, ba, nara and to.
More in Appearance, Tendencies, and Hearsay
- ~がち: tend to... / prone to... (negative tendency)
- 〜っぽい: -ish / seems... (appearance or characteristic)
- ~気味: a little... / -ish (slight feeling or tendency)
- ~ふりをする: to pretend to...
- ~みたい: seems... / looks like... (colloquial)
- (まるで)~ようだ: as if... / just like... (simile)
- ~らしい: -like / typical / seems (hearsay or appearance)
- ~んだって: I heard that... (colloquial hearsay)
- ~ということだ② (Hearsay): I heard... / it is said...
- ~かなあ: I wonder...
- もしかすると/もしかしたら〜かもしれない: it might... / perhaps... / maybe...
- ~に違いない: it must be... / I'm sure that...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~によれば/~によると mean?
According to.... Example: 姉によれば、駅前の店のケーキはとてもおいしいらしい。 (According to my older sister, the cakes at the shop by the station are really good.)
How do you form ~によれば/~によると?
<Noun (source)> + によれば / によると, <Plain form> + そうだ / らしい / ということだ. Pair the start with the end: によると ... そうです. Forgetting そうだ or らしい at the end is the most common mistake.