N1 Conditions, Dependencies, and Consequences

~ことなしに: meaning, usage and examples

~ことなしに means: without... / without doing...

Updated · By the My Senpai team · Spotted a mistake? Tell us

How to form it

<Verb dictionary> + ことなしに / ことなしには

Examples

  1. 十分じゅうぶんな準備じゅんびをすることなしに、成功せいこうは望のぞめない。

    You can't hope for success without preparing adequately.

  2. 彼かれは一言ひとことも謝あやまることなしに、部屋へやを出でて行いった。

    He left the room without apologizing even once.

  3. 失敗しっぱいを経験けいけんすることなしに、本当ほんとうの成長せいちょうはない。

    There is no real growth without experiencing failure.

  4. 相手あいての話はなしを聞きくことなしに、問題もんだいは解決かいけつしない。

    The problem will not be solved without listening to the other side.

When to use it

Means "without doing A." Mostly used to say that B cannot happen unless A is done: 努力どりょくすることなしに、成功せいこうはない (there is no success without effort). It can also simply describe doing something without A: 一度いちども休やすむことなしに (without resting once). Found in essays, editorials and speeches.

Nuance

Written and formal. The most common use is with a negative or impossible main clause (できない, あり得えない, 望のぞめない). For a neutral "without doing" in a story, ことなく is more common. Too stiff for casual conversation.

Compare

ことなく is the neutral written "without": 休やすむことなく働はたらいた. ないで / ずに are the everyday forms: 朝あさご飯はんを食たべないで出でかけた. なくしては attaches to nouns: 努力どりょくなくしては. ことなしに is the verb version of the same "essential" idea.

Tip: Pair it with a negative ending (〜ない, 〜は望のぞめない). That use is the safest and is what the test usually checks.

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Frequently asked questions

What does ~ことなしに mean?

Without... / without doing.... Example: 十分じゅうぶんな準備じゅんびをすることなしに、成功せいこうは望のぞめない。 (You can't hope for success without preparing adequately.)

How do you form ~ことなしに?

<Verb dictionary> + ことなしに / ことなしには. Pair it with a negative ending (〜ない, 〜は望のぞめない). That use is the safest and is what the test usually checks.