N2 Basis, Topic, and Response
~をはじめ/~をはじめとして: meaning, usage and examples
~をはじめ/~をはじめとして means: starting with... / including...
How to form it
<Noun> + をはじめ / をはじめとして / をはじめとする + Noun
Examples
東京をはじめ、各地で開催される。
It will be held in various places, starting with Tokyo.
社長をはじめとして、全員が賛成した。
Everyone agreed, including the president.
この町には、お寺をはじめ、古い建物がたくさん残っている。
This town still has many old buildings, starting with its temples.
京都をはじめとする観光地は、外国人客で混雑している。
Kyoto and other tourist spots are crowded with foreign visitors.
When to use it
Names the most typical or important member of a group first, then says the statement applies to the whole group: "X and others", "including X". 京都をはじめ、多くの観光地が混んでいる (Kyoto and many other tourist spots are crowded). It is often followed by words like 多くの, 様々な, 全員, 各地.
Nuance
Formal; common in speeches, news and written introductions. The first item is a leading example, not the first step in time. Before a noun use をはじめとする. Not used for a sequence of actions like eating or working.
Compare
から始めて means starting in time or order: 一番から始めてください. をはじめ means a representative example of a group: 社長をはじめ、社員全員が出席した. など simply lists examples at the end: 京都や大阪など. を中心に means a central focus: 若者を中心に人気がある.
Tip: Think "led by X, and the rest". The second clause should describe a group, often with 多くの or 全員.
More in Basis, Topic, and Response
- ~に基づいて/をもとに(して): based on... / according to...
- ~のもと(で): under... / with... (guidance)
- ~に沿って: along... / in accordance with...
- ~次第で: depending on... / according to...
- ~をめぐって: concerning... / regarding... / over...
- ~に応えて/~に応える: in response to... / to meet...
- ~に応じて: according to... / depending on...
- ~につけ/~につけて: whenever... / every time...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~をはじめ/~をはじめとして mean?
Starting with... / including.... Example: 東京をはじめ、各地で開催される。 (It will be held in various places, starting with Tokyo.)
How do you form ~をはじめ/~をはじめとして?
<Noun> + をはじめ / をはじめとして / をはじめとする + Noun. Think "led by X, and the rest". The second clause should describe a group, often with 多くの or 全員.