N2 Assertion, Likelihood, and Norms
~に相違ない: meaning, usage and examples
~に相違ない means: no doubt... / must be...
How to form it
<Verb plain> / <い-adj> / <な-adj> / <Noun> + に相違ない
Examples
彼が犯人に相違ない。
He must be the culprit, no doubt.
この計画は成功するに相違ない。
This plan will no doubt succeed.
この手紙の字は、田中さんが書いたものに相違ない。
The handwriting in this letter is undoubtedly Mr. Tanaka's.
この絵は有名な画家の作品に相違ない。
This painting is undoubtedly the work of a famous artist.
When to use it
Use に相違ない to state a conclusion the speaker is very sure of, based on evidence or reasoning. It means "there is no doubt that..." and usually follows a clue such as handwriting, style or traces, as in この絵は有名な画家の作品に相違ない (this painting is undoubtedly the work of a famous artist).
Nuance
Formal and written; found in novels, reports and formal speech. In conversation it sounds stiff. It expresses strong certainty based on reasoning, but it is still the speaker's judgment, not a proven fact.
Compare
に違いない has the same meaning but is used in everyday speech: 田中さんは疲れているに違いない. に相違ない is its formal written version. はずだ is based on logic or known facts: 荷物は今日届くはずだ. にほかならない defines something rather than guessing.
Tip: に相違ない = written に違いない. On the test they are interchangeable in meaning; pick 相違 for formal text.
Related points
Same idea, more formal or written
More in Assertion, Likelihood, and Norms
- ~にほかならない: is nothing other than... / is precisely...
- ~というものだ: that's what... is / that's what it means to...
- ~にすぎない: nothing more than... / merely...
- ~(より)ほかない: have no choice but... / can only...
- ~おそれがある: there is a risk that... / there is a danger of...
- ~かねない: might... / could possibly... (negative)
- ~ものだ: should... / ought to... (general truth)
- ~ものではない: should not... / must not...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~に相違ない mean?
No doubt... / must be.... Example: 彼が犯人に相違ない。 (He must be the culprit, no doubt.)
How do you form ~に相違ない?
<Verb plain> / <い-adj> / <な-adj> / <Noun> + に相違ない. に相違ない = written に違いない. On the test they are interchangeable in meaning; pick 相違 for formal text.