N2 Contrast and Concession
~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく: meaning, usage and examples
~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく means: regardless of... / irrespective of...
How to form it
<Noun> + にかかわらず / にかかわりなく; <Verb dictionary> + <Verb ない> + にかかわらず; <A か B か> + にかかわらず
Examples
天気にかかわらず、大会は実施します。
Regardless of the weather, the tournament will be held.
経験にかかわりなく、誰でも応募できる。
Anyone can apply, irrespective of experience.
購入金額にかかわらず、送料は無料です。
Shipping is free regardless of the purchase amount.
出席するしないにかかわらず、金曜日までに返事をください。
Whether or not you will attend, please reply by Friday.
When to use it
Use this to say that a rule or result stays the same "regardless of" some factor. It usually follows nouns that contain a range (年齢, 性別, 天候, 経験) or a pair of opposites, as in 参加するしないにかかわらず、返事をください. It is common in notices, rules and announcements.
Nuance
Formal; typical of written notices, business and official language. にかかわりなく is slightly more written than にかかわらず, with the same meaning. The noun before it should express variation or a choice, not a single fixed thing.
Compare
にもかかわらず means "despite": 雨にもかかわらず出かけた. を問わず is very close but even more written and works best with nouns: 経験を問わず. にかかわらず can also take paired opposites: 好き嫌いにかかわらず, 参加するしないにかかわらず.. Both express "this factor does not matter."
Tip: Check for も. にかかわらず = it does not matter; にもかかわらず = in spite of. Ranges like 大小, 晴雨, 有無 fit naturally before にかかわらず.
More in Contrast and Concession
- ~ものの/とはいうものの: although... / even though...
- ~にもかかわらず: despite... / in spite of...
- ~ながら(も): while... / although... (contradictory)
- ~つつ(も): while... / although... (formal, contradictory)
- ~からといって/からって: just because... doesn't mean...
- ~にしても/にしろ/にせよ: even if... / whether... or...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく mean?
Regardless of... / irrespective of.... Example: 天気にかかわらず、大会は実施します。 (Regardless of the weather, the tournament will be held.)
How do you form ~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく?
<Noun> + にかかわらず / にかかわりなく; <Verb dictionary> + <Verb ない> + にかかわらず; <A か B か> + にかかわらず. Check for も. にかかわらず = it does not matter; にもかかわらず = in spite of. Ranges like 大小, 晴雨, 有無 fit naturally before にかかわらず.