N2 Contrast and Concession

~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく: meaning, usage and examples

~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく means: regardless of... / irrespective of...

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How to form it

<Noun> + にかかわらず / にかかわりなく; <Verb dictionary> + <Verb ない> + にかかわらず; <A か B か> + にかかわらず

Examples

  1. 天気てんきにかかわらず、大会たいかいは実施じっしします。

    Regardless of the weather, the tournament will be held.

  2. 経験けいけんにかかわりなく、誰だれでも応募おうぼできる。

    Anyone can apply, irrespective of experience.

  3. 購入こうにゅう金額きんがくにかかわらず、送料そうりょうは無料むりょうです。

    Shipping is free regardless of the purchase amount.

  4. 出席しゅっせきするしないにかかわらず、金曜日きんようびまでに返事へんじをください。

    Whether or not you will attend, please reply by Friday.

When to use it

Use this to say that a rule or result stays the same "regardless of" some factor. It usually follows nouns that contain a range (年齢ねんれい, 性別せいべつ, 天候てんこう, 経験けいけん) or a pair of opposites, as in 参加さんかするしないにかかわらず、返事へんじをください. It is common in notices, rules and announcements.

Nuance

Formal; typical of written notices, business and official language. にかかわりなく is slightly more written than にかかわらず, with the same meaning. The noun before it should express variation or a choice, not a single fixed thing.

Compare

にもかかわらず means "despite": 雨あめにもかかわらず出でかけた. を問とわず is very close but even more written and works best with nouns: 経験けいけんを問とわず. にかかわらず can also take paired opposites: 好すき嫌きらいにかかわらず, 参加さんかするしないにかかわらず.. Both express "this factor does not matter."

Tip: Check for も. にかかわらず = it does not matter; にもかかわらず = in spite of. Ranges like 大小だいしょう, 晴雨せいう, 有無うむ fit naturally before にかかわらず.

More in Contrast and Concession

Frequently asked questions

What does ~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく mean?

Regardless of... / irrespective of.... Example: 天気てんきにかかわらず、大会たいかいは実施じっしします。 (Regardless of the weather, the tournament will be held.)

How do you form ~にかかわらず/にかかわりなく?

<Noun> + にかかわらず / にかかわりなく; <Verb dictionary> + <Verb ない> + にかかわらず; <A か B か> + にかかわらず. Check for も. にかかわらず = it does not matter; にもかかわらず = in spite of. Ranges like 大小だいしょう, 晴雨せいう, 有無うむ fit naturally before にかかわらず.