N1 Cause, Reason, and Basis
~故に / ~故の / ~故だ: meaning, usage and examples
~故に / ~故の / ~故だ means: because... / due to... (formal).
How to form it
<Noun> + (の)故に / <Verb・い-adj plain> + (が)故に / <な-adj> + (である)故に; + Noun: 故の
Examples
若さ故に、無謀な挑戦をしてしまうことがある。
Because of youth, one sometimes takes on reckless challenges.
それは彼が優しすぎたが故の悲劇だった。
That was a tragedy that came from his being too kind.
貧しさ故に、学校に通えない子供が今も大勢いる。
Many children still cannot go to school because of poverty.
人は、愛するが故に相手を傷つけてしまうこともある。
People sometimes hurt others precisely because they love them.
When to use it
A formal way to give a cause or reason, "because of" or "due to." 故に links clauses, 故の modifies a noun, and 故だ ends a sentence. Example: 若さ故に、無謀なことをしてしまう (people do reckless things because of their youth). The form with が (愛するが故に) is especially common after verbs.
Nuance
Literary and formal: essays, speeches, novels, song lyrics. It often explains a regrettable or ironic result of a quality (youth, poverty, love). In conversation it sounds stiff. The sentence-initial 故に means "therefore" in logic and math.
Compare
ために and から are the everyday ways to give a reason: 若いから無理をする. 故に is the written, weightier version. ばかりに stresses an unlucky cause: 嘘をついたばかりに信用を失った. 故に is neutral about luck.
Tip: After a verb or い-adjective, add が: 愛するが故に, 貧しいが故に. After a noun, the の is optional: 若さ故に.
More in Cause, Reason, and Basis
- ~こともあって: partly because...
- ~とあって: because... / since... (special situation)
- ~ばこそ: precisely because... (emphasizes reason)
- ~あっての: only exists because of... / thanks to...
- ~は〜てのことだ: it's because of... that...
- ~によるところが大きい: largely due to... / heavily dependent on...
- ~のをいいことに: taking advantage of the fact that...
- ~にかこつけて: using... as an excuse / on the pretext of...
Frequently asked questions
What does ~故に / ~故の / ~故だ mean?
Because... / due to... (formal). Example: 若さ故に、無謀な挑戦をしてしまうことがある。 (Because of youth, one sometimes takes on reckless challenges.)
How do you form ~故に / ~故の / ~故だ?
<Noun> + (の)故に / <Verb・い-adj plain> + (が)故に / <な-adj> + (である)故に; + Noun: 故の. After a verb or い-adjective, add が: 愛するが故に, 貧しいが故に. After a noun, the の is optional: 若さ故に.